Mathematical modeling and experimental investigations of oxygen-methane fuel combustion at coaxial-jet supply into the combustion chamber of liquid-propellant rocket engine

The numerical results are presented for the case of coaxial-jet supply at the different ratio of mass component velocities at the combustion chamber inlet with the constant and variable relationship of oxygen-methane components. The experimental investigations of coaxial-jet mixing elements as part of the model setup chamber operating on corrosive producer gas and gaseous methane were carried out. A qualitative pattern of the $ \overline {\rho u} $ \overline {\rho u} parameter influence on the chamber economic feasibility was obtained: as $ \overline {\rho u} $ \overline {\rho u} decreases, the combustion efficiency coefficient grows.     

Kalman filtering for GPS/magnetometer integrated navigation system

This paper investigated the data processing method for a GPS/IMU/magnetometer integrated system with Kalman filtering (KF). As a result of GPS/IMU/magnetometer land vehicle system, dead-reckoning of magnetometer and accelerometer integrated subsystem bridged very well the GPS signal outage due to the trees on the two sides of the road. Both differential GPS data processing method and the carrier-phase method with magnetometers’ outputs for predicting the car position, velocity, and acceleration (PVA) are presented. The results from DGPS with Kinematical Positioning (KINPOS) software shown that the averages of the north, east, and down direction standard deviation (short for “std”) are 0.014, 0.010, and 0.018 m, respectively. The std of velocities and accelerations derived by the position and velocity differentiation are 10, 7, 13 mm/s, 7, 5, 9 mm/s², respectively. This method for getting velocities and accelerations requires higher accurate position coordinates. But the position accuracy has frequently been degraded in this case when the car drove under the trees or other similar kinematical environments. That caused the larger velocity and acceleration errors. While the results from the carrier-phase method are std of the velocities = 2.1 mm/s, 1.3 mm/s, 3.7 mm/s in north, east, down, and std of the accelerations = 1.5 mm/s², 0.9 mm/s², 2.3 mm/s² for the static test period; as compared with KINPOS software results, std of the velocity difference between the carrier-phase method and the DGPS method = 7 mm/s, 6.9 mm/s, 9.7 mm/s in north, east, down direction, and std of acceleration difference = 5.0 mm/s², 4.5 mm/s², 7.5 mm/s² in north, east, down direction for the kinematical test period. Obviously, errors come from both the carrier-phase method and DGPS velocity and acceleration results derived directly by the position differentiation. In addition, better accuracy of positions than that before KF has been got by means of velocities and accelerations derived by the carrier-phase method after KF.     

Use of human wastes oxidized to different degrees in cultivation of higher plants on the soil-like substrate intended for closed ecosystems

To close mass exchange loops in bioregenerative life support systems more efficiently, researchers of the Institute of Biophysics SB RAS (Krasnoyarsk, Russia) have developed a procedure of wet combustion of human wastes and inedible parts of plants using H₂O₂ in alternating electromagnetic field. Human wastes pretreated in this way can be used as nutrient solutions to grow plants in the phototrophic unit of the LSS. The purpose of this study was to explore the possibilities of using human wastes oxidized to different degrees to grow plants cultivated on the soil-like substrate (SLS). The treated human wastes were analyzed to test their sterility. Then we investigated the effects produced by human wastes oxidized to different degrees on growth and development of wheat plants and on the composition of microflora in the SLS. The irrigation solution contained water, substances extracted from the substrate, and certain amounts of the mineralized human wastes. The experiments showed that the human wastes oxidized using reduced amounts of 30% H₂O₂: 1 ml/g of feces and 0.25 ml/ml of urine were still sterile. The experiments with wheat plants grown on the SLS and irrigated by the solution containing treated human wastes in the amount simulating 1/6 of the daily diet of a human showed that the degree of oxidation of human wastes did not significantly affect plant productivity. On the other hand, the composition of the microbiota of irrigation solutions was affected by the oxidation level of the added metabolites. In the solutions supplemented with partially oxidized metabolites yeast-like microscopic fungi were 20 times more abundant than in the solutions containing fully oxidized metabolites. Moreover, in the solutions containing incompletely oxidized human wastes the amounts of phytopathogenic bacteria and denitrifying microorganisms were larger. Thus, insufficiently oxidized sterile human wastes added to the irrigation solutions significantly affect the composition of the microbiological component of these solutions, which can ultimately unbalance the system as a whole.     

两类激波捕捉格式的性能分析

考虑了两类典型的激波捕捉格式:特征形式的MUSCL(Monotone Upstream-centred Schemes for Conservation Laws)格式和WENO(Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory)格式.MUSCL格式在作特征变换时使用了局部线性化的思想,并且针对波系的性质施加相应的限制器;通过逐维重构实现有限体积法的WENO格式.针对一维、二维和三维Euler系统进行数值实验.在一维和二维的情况下,特征形式的MUSCL格式在接触间断的捕捉上具有较明显的优势,而对于激波的捕捉则差别不大.对于三维问题则是WENO格式对流场的分辨更精细.最后对上述结果给出解释,并且提出了可能的改进方法.     

Computational modeling of interference between helicopter main and tail rotors based on nonlinear blade vortex model

The Mi-2 helicopter was taken as an example for modeling the main and tail rotors operation with account for the interference at low speed sliding flight. Aerodynamic characteristics were calculated. The form of nonlinear vortical wake was obtained.     

软芯三明治梁受移动点载荷作用的动力响应

为了得到软芯三明治梁在移动集中载荷下的动力响应,基于扩展的高阶三明治梁理论和Hamilton原理,建立了任意节点的弱形式求积三明治梁单元,利用微分求积法的权系数显式表达式给出了单元刚度矩阵和质量矩阵的公式,并验证了刚度矩阵和简化质量矩阵的正确性和方法的有效性,结果表明弱形式的求积单元法具有精度和计算效率高的优点。然后,采用中心差分法首次给出了两端固支软芯三明治梁在移动集中载荷作用时的动力响应。本文的研究拓展了弱形式求积法的应用范围。     

舰载无人直升机训练保障虚拟仿真技术研究

通过建立包括无人直升机、运输保障车、测控车及各级保障人员的仿真模型和设计合理的仿真界面,进行舰载无人直升机训练保障流程的全过程仿真。     

Acceleration and particle transport in collisionless plasma in the process of dipolarization and nonstationary turbulence

This work is devoted to studying the processes of the acceleration of plasma particles in thin current sheets that appear during magnetospheric substorms in the Earth’s magnetosphere tail. A numerical model of magnetic dipolarization accompanied by plasma turbulence has been constructed and studied. The model allows one to investigate the particle acceleration due to the action of three principal mechanisms: (1) plasma turbulence; (2) magnetic dipolarization; (3) their simultaneous action. For the given velocity kappa-distributions, we obtained energy spectra of three types of accelerated particles, i.e., protons p⁺, ions of oxygen O⁺, and electrons e^–. It has been shown that the combined mechanism of dipolarization with turbulence (3) makes the largest contribution to the increase in the energy of protons and heavy ions as compared with a separate action of each of mechanisms (1) and (2); in this case, electrons accelerate less. The consideration of the joint action of acceleration mechanisms (1) and (2) can explain the apparition of particles with energies on the order of magnitude equal to hundreds keV in the Earth’s magnetosphere tail.     

不同直径光滑圆管中黄原胶溶液流动减阻特性的实验研究

采用实验的方法,测试了黄原胶溶液在不同直径的光滑管道流动中的减阻特性和管径效应。其中变化参数为：（1）管道直径,共有3种管径,分别为5、10和20mm;（2）黄原胶溶液的浓度,变化范围为50~550ppm;（3）流速,用广义雷诺数（ReM）来表征,变化范围为0~50000。实验测量了不同参数下的管道压降Δp和体积流量Q,得到了黄原胶溶液浓度与减阻率的关系,以及ReM数对沿程阻力系数λ的影响,观测到黄原胶溶液减阻具有很明显的浓度效应,即随着溶液浓度的升高减阻率不断增大,直至达到最佳饱和减阻浓度,减阻率基本保持恒定。还观测到黄原胶溶液在不同管径中高低流速下表现出减阻类型的差异。     

微型管状熔断器高电压低气压下熔断特性研究

针对进口空间用FM08系列熔断器在空间低气压环境条件下出现的持续拉弧放电现象,以国产的空间飞行器用微型管状熔断体RSG-I-FFA系列熔断器为研究对象,进行了高电压低气压条件下熔断特性的验证试验。对164只样品进行了不同气压下的高电压大电流试验,试验结果表明,RSG-I-FFA系列熔断器在空间低气压高电压下能可靠熔断,熔断后熔断器外观完整,断点间阻抗大于100 kΩ,可以在空间飞行器上安全使用。